Ovarian Cancer
The American Cancer Society estimates about 21,000 individuals will receive a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the United States in 2026. The rate at which individuals are diagnosed with ovarian cancer has been slowly falling over the past 20 years.
Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer deaths among females, accounting for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system.
This cancer mainly develops in older females. About half who are diagnosed with ovarian cancer are 63 years or older. In terms of ethnicity, ovarian cancer is more common among Caucasian females than African-American or Latina females.
The causes of ovarian cancer are not known, but genetics and environmental risk factors have shown an increased chance of development.
What are the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer?
Many times, the symptoms for ovarian cancer are vague and not even gynecologic in nature. But, if there are symptoms, they will most likely be:
- A swollen or bloated abdomen
- Persistent pressure or pain in the abdomen or pelvis
- Feeling full quickly when eating
- Changes in bathroom habits such as frequent urination, constipation or diarrhea
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding
- Back pain
Females may have these symptoms for reasons not related to ovarian cancer. If the symptoms are new, unusual or occur daily for more than two weeks, call to schedule an appointment with our gynecologic oncology team.
Risk Factors
Most females develop ovarian cancer without being at high risk for the disease. However, the following factors may increase an individual’s risk:
- Older than age 55
- A family history of ovarian cancer, as well as breast, uterus, colon and rectum cancers
- Personal history of cancer, especially of the breast, uterus, colon or rectum
- Never pregnant
- History of estrogen therapy
- A high-fat diet
Treatment Overview
Treatment for ovarian cancer is most effective when it is found and treated early. The main treatment options for ovarian cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy.
Surgery is the main treatment for most ovarian cancers. How much surgery you have depends on how far your cancer has spread and on your general health. Our gynecologic oncologists are specialized in a variety of surgical treatments, including minimally invasive robotic-assisted surgery.
Depending on the individual case and the stage of cancer, chemotherapy may be recommended. Our gynecologic oncologists at Summa Health can manage chemotherapy treatments for patients with ovarian cancer.
Radiation therapy is rarely used for the initial treatment of ovarian cancer. In some cases, it is used to treat pain or side effects caused by the disease.
Find out more about our gynecologic cancer treatment program and gynecologic cancer screening services in the Akron area.
Ovarian Cancer FAQs
Q: Can I check for ovarian cancer at home?
A: There is no reliable at-home test for ovarian cancer. The best thing you can do is pay attention to changes in your body and tell your provider if symptoms are new, unusual or last for more than a few weeks.
Q: Can ovarian cancer symptoms come and go?
A: Yes. Ovarian cancer symptoms may come and go at first, but they often become more frequent or noticeable over time. If symptoms such as bloating, pelvic or belly pain, trouble eating, or urinary changes happen often or last more than a few weeks, talk with your provider.
Q: How can I get tested for ovarian cancer
A: If you are concerned about ovarian cancer, start by talking with your primary care provider or gynecologist. They may perform an exam and order tests such as imaging or blood work. There is currently no routine screening test recommended for ovarian cancer for people at average risk.
Q: How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?
A: Ovarian cancer may be diagnosed using a combination of a pelvic exam, imaging tests, blood tests and, in some cases, surgery or biopsy. Your provider will recommend the right tests based on your symptoms and health history.
Q: What are ovaries?
A: Ovaries are small organs located on each side of the uterus. They make eggs and produce hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
Q: What are symptoms of ovarian cancer?
A: Symptoms may include bloating, pelvic or belly pain, feeling full quickly, trouble eating, or urinary changes such as needing to go more often or urgently. These symptoms can be caused by many conditions, but it is important to talk with your provider if they are new, happen often or do not go away.
Q: What causes ovarian cancer?
A: In many cases, the exact cause is not known. Some factors may increase risk, including age, family history, certain inherited gene changes and a personal history of some cancers. Your provider can help you understand your personal risk.