Elbow Arthritis
Elbow arthritis can cause pain, stiffness and reduced range of motion in the joint.
Elbow arthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the elbow joint wears down or becomes damaged over time. As the protective surface between the bones deteriorates, the joint may become painful, stiff and less flexible. This can make everyday activities such as lifting objects, reaching, or turning the arm more difficult. At Summa Health Orthopedic Institute, our elbow specialists provide expert diagnosis and personalized treatment to help reduce pain and restore function.
Causes of Elbow Arthritis
Elbow arthritis can develop for several reasons. Common causes include:
- Wear and tear over time (osteoarthritis)
- Previous injuries, such as fractures or dislocations
- Repetitive use of the elbow joint
- Inflammatory conditions that affect the joints
- Cartilage damage from prior trauma
In many cases, elbow arthritis is linked to an earlier injury that gradually leads to joint degeneration over time.
Elbow Arthritis Symptoms
Symptoms may develop slowly and worsen over time. Common symptoms include:
- Pain in the elbow joint, especially with movement
- Stiffness, particularly after periods of rest
- Decreased range of motion
- Difficulty fully bending or straightening the arm
- Swelling around the joint
- Grinding, clicking or catching sensations in the elbow
- Weakness when lifting or gripping objects
As arthritis progresses, symptoms may become more persistent and begin to affect daily function.
Types of Elbow Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of elbow arthritis. It occurs when cartilage gradually wears away, allowing bones in the joint to rub against each other. This can lead to pain, stiffness and loss of motion, especially after years of joint use or prior injury.
Post-Traumatic Arthritis
Post-traumatic arthritis develops after an injury to the elbow, such as a fracture or dislocation. Even after the injury heals, damage to the cartilage can lead to gradual joint wear and arthritis over time.
Rheumatoid (Inflammatory) Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the joint lining, leading to inflammation, pain and joint damage. It can affect both elbows and other joints throughout the body.
Treatment for Elbow Arthritis
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the type of arthritis and how much the condition affects daily life. Options may include:
- Activity modification to reduce joint stress
- Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)
- Bracing or elbow support
- Physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility
- Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation
- Regenerative or biologic treatments in select cases
- Surgery, including arthroscopy or joint replacement, for advanced arthritis
- Early treatment can help slow progression and improve long-term joint function.
Meet Our Hand, Wrist and Elbow Team
As part of the Summa Health Orthopedics Institute, our hand, wrist and elbow team is led by board-certified, fellowship-trained surgeons with advanced expertise in treating these conditions and injuries. Working closely with therapists and other specialists, they provide personalized care focused on relieving pain, restoring function and helping patients get back to their daily activities.