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Posted July 30, 2018 by Sameer A Mahesh, MD Hematology, Medical Oncology
Did you know skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States? If caught early, skin cancer is one of the easier cancers to treat. However, every hour of every day one American dies from melanoma, its deadliest form.
There are various treatments for melanoma, depending on the stage at which a patient is diagnosed, including: surgery to remove the affected area, chemotherapy, radiation therapy or a relatively new treatment called immunotherapy.
Immunotherapy, in plain terms, is using the body’s immune system to fight off cancerous cells. For the past few decades, immunotherapy has become an integral part of treating certain types of cancers, such as melanoma and lung cancer. By using a patient’s own immune system, doctors can now battle cancer smarter, while circumventing some of the terrible side effects patients suffer with chemotherapy. Doctors can either stimulate the immune system to work harder and smarter at attacking the cancer cells or administer certain types of man-made immune system proteins to do the same.
The FDA-approved treatment has been highly successful at treating melanoma. Statistically speaking, before immunotherapy, the survival rate for patients with stage 4 melanoma was 8-10 percent. Using the first generation of immunotherapy drugs, the rate for survival jumped to 21 percent. With the second generation of drugs, doctors are hopeful it will rise even higher. Best of all, the patients who do respond well to immunotherapy, continue to thrive for the long term.
There are a few different types of immunotherapy, the most common are:
Compared to chemotherapy, these treatments are very well tolerated by patients. Administered in the same way, through intravenous (IV) infusions, in a comfortable setting every few weeks, these drugs do not have the same effects on the body. While there are side effects associated with immunotherapy, patients do not lose their hair or experience the amount of nausea and fatigue many chemotherapy patients do.
Serious side effects tend to happen more often with CTLA-4 treatment than with the PD-1 inhibitors. Generally speaking, these are not nearly as common as those experienced during chemotherapy. Because the immune system is in attack mode, it can become too aggressive and fight normal, healthy organs and cells. Those side effects can involve skin (rashes), endocrine (hormone-making glands) system, bowel and lungs. You should report any issues to your oncologist immediately as there may need to be an abrupt stop in the treatment to restore proper immune system defense modes.
Summa Health Cancer Institute is a leader in cancer treatments, with nationally recognized cancer centers that serve thousands of patients each year. We make the difficult journey from cancer diagnosis through treatment and survivorship as easy and seamless as possible. Our goal is to cure the cancer, if possible, while improving our patients’ quality of life. By combining the latest cancer treatment technology with personalized, compassionate, patient-centered care, we create an environment focused on whole-person healing.
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