Perimenopause
Perimenopause is the transition phase before menopause, which can last from 2 to 10 years. During this time, ovulation becomes irregular and the production of estrogen and progesterone decreases. Several processes occur within the body, including:
- Infrequent release of eggs by the ovaries
- Reduced production of estrogen and other hormones
- Decreased fertility
- Shorter menstrual cycles, fewer ovulations and more cycle irregularity
- Reduced levels of hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, androgen (androstenedione) and testosterone
For more information about perimenopause, schedule an appointment for a pelvic exam with a Summa Health physician or call 330.869.9777.
Perimenopause Causes
Perimenopause is caused by the declining function of the ovaries which can cause ovulation to become erratic and/or cease completely. As a result, the menstrual cycle length and flow may become irregular before the final menstrual period.
Symptoms of perimenopause surface as a result of changing levels of estrogen and progesterone. For example, estrogen levels may be higher which can trigger symptoms similar to those associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Or, estrogen levels may decrease, which can trigger hot flashes or night sweats. Varying estrogen levels may be combined with normal menstrual cycles during perimenopause. Studies show perimenopausal women have varying patterns of hormonal fluctuations; as a result, each woman may experience perimenopause in a different way.
Perimenopause Symptoms
The most common symptoms include:
- Mood changes
- Changes in sexual desire
- Difficulty concentrating
- Headaches
- Night sweats
- Hot flashes
- Vaginal dryness
- Sleep disturbances
- Joint and muscle aches
- Frequent urination
Perimenopause Treatments
Your doctor will determine the treatment that is best for you based on:
- Your age, overall health, and medical history
- Current symptoms
- Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures or therapies
Your physician may recommend any of the following perimenopausal treatments:
- Hormone therapy using estrogen or estrogen combined with progestin to keep hormone levels more constant
- Antidepressants to stabilize mood swings
Your doctor may also suggest lifestyle changes such as:
- Eating a healthy diet which includes whole grains, fruits and vegetables
- Consuming at least 1,000-1,200 mg of calcium daily (either through diet or supplements)
- Getting regular exercise
- Keeping a diary or record to identify what triggers hot flashes; i.e., coffee or tea
Some of the same suggestions used for coping with hot flashes during menopause may also be helpful for perimenopause symptoms.
