Diabetes: Know Your Risks
Posted April 28, 2025

Sadly, diabetes is a widening epidemic in this country. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) reports more than 38 million people (about 11 percent of the population) in this country have diabetes — with nearly 95 percent of those cases type 2 diabetes. Plus, about 97 million more are prediabetic.
These are scary statistics. Fortunately, many risk factors for diabetes can be controlled, or modified, by healthy lifestyle choices to reduce your chances of developing the disease.
Diabetes is a chronic condition that causes glucose (or sugar) levels in the body to rise consistently. These levels increase because either the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or the body doesn’t use it properly, preventing glucose from entering cells.
Left untreated, diabetes can lead to heart disease, stroke, nerve and kidney damage, among other serious complications. Even mild blood sugar elevations can damage your organs.
But while you can’t change your genes, learning about your risk factors — both modifiable and nonmodifiable — can help you and your doctor make a plan to delay or even prevent you from developing this disease in the first place.
Modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes
There are many healthy changes you can make to reduce your risk for type 2 diabetes. Even simple changes to your lifestyle can prevent or even reverse diabetes.
Modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:
- Maintaining a healthy weight. Being overweight or obese increases your risk. Simply losing five to 10 percent of your body weight can significantly reduce your chances of developing the disease, or may delay the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. Calculating your Body Mass Index (BMI) is a good way to determine a healthy weight for your height. To lose and maintain it, choose foods high in fiber that are lower in fat and calories, such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
- Losing fat. Storing extra fat in the abdomen also increases your risk. The chances of developing the disease is higher in men with a waist circumference above 40 inches and in women with a waist measurement above 35 inches.
- Incorporating regular exercise. Regular physical activity is important to not only help you lose and maintain weight, but also to help you use up glucose as energy and lower insulin resistance (cells don’t take in enough sugar, so it builds up in the bloodstream). The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise (brisk walk, bicycling, water aerobics), or 75 minutes per week of vigorous exercise (running, swimming laps), plus muscle-strengthening exercises at least two days each week.
- Maintaining heart healthy numbers. Maintaining high levels of HDL cholesterol — the “good” cholesterol — and low levels of triglycerides decreases your risk for type 2 diabetes. High cholesterol leads to plague inside your blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. High blood pressure has been linked to insulin resistance. The AHA recommends maintaining a healthy blood pressure of less than 120 over 80 mm Hg and a total cholesterol of no more than 150 mg/dL for optimal health.
- Quitting smoking. Smoking and tobacco use lower your good cholesterol and raise bad cholesterol. Help is available by calling 1-800-Quit-Now. It’s never too late to quit smoking.
Nonmodifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes
There are risk factors that increase your chances of developing type 2 diabetes that you can’t change. However, understanding these risk factors can help you and your doctor find ways to reduce your risks, schedule earlier or more frequent screenings, or even try preemptive treatment.
Nonmodifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:
- Family history. Your risk increases if a parent or sibling has diabetes.
- Ethnicity. African-Americans, Asian-Americans, Native Americans, Latinos/Hispanics and Pacific Islanders are at greater risk.
- Age. The typical onset of type 2 diabetes is most often after age 45. However, more and more younger adults and even kids are being diagnosed.
- Gestational diabetes. If you had diabetes during pregnancy, you’re at an increased risk of getting it again in your life.
Diabetes screening
The ADA recommends everyone age 45 and older be screened for diabetes. However, testing is recommended at any age if you have one or more risk factors for the disease.
If caught early, type 2 diabetes can be very manageable. Lifestyle changes can go a long way in managing the condition, reducing your risk of severe complications and improving your quality of life.
Talk to a Summa Health family physician about diabetes screening. To learn more about Summa Health Outpatient Diabetes Services, call 234.312.6420.