Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. The carpal tunnel—a narrow, rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand—houses the median nerve and the tendons that bend the fingers. The median nerve provides feeling to the palm side of the thumb and to the index, middle and part of the ring fingers (although not the little finger). It also controls some small muscles at the base of the thumb.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms

Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms usually start gradually and include:

• Tingling or numbness: Many people notice tingling or numbness in the fingers or hand. The thumb, index, middle or ring fingers are usually affected, while the little finger is typically spared. Some CTS patients describe electric-shock sensations that may wake them from sleep. Over time, this numbness can become constant.
• Weakness: CTS can cause hand weakness, making it easier to drop objects or struggle with fine motor tasks.
• Pain: Wrist, palm or hand pain is common with carpal tunnel syndrome.

If these carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms interfere with your sleep or daily activities, it is important to see a doctor. Without treatment, permanent nerve or muscle damage can occur. 

What Causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Risk factors for CTS include:

• Anatomy: Smaller carpal tunnels or issues caused by bone fractures, dislocation or deformity
• Gender: More common in females
• Medical conditions: Some conditions such as diabetes, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, menopause, thyroid conditions and kidney failure can increase your risk

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Prevention

To help prevent carpal tunnel syndrome, you should minimize the stress you place on your hands and wrists.

• Relax your grip
• Avoid bending the wrist all the way down or up
• Watch your posture
• Take frequent breaks

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatments

Carpal tunnel syndrome treatments range from nonsurgical to surgical approaches depending on your symptoms. Common CTS treatment options include:

• Wrist splinting
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Corticosteroids
• Surgery, if symptoms are severe or don’t respond to other treatments

If you think you may have carpal tunnel syndrome, contact our orthopedic hand and upper extremity specialists at Summa Health for a consult.